Architecture review: Anaheim's rail hub

The role that train travel plays in the American popular imagination is an increasingly contradictory one these days, somehow deeply nostalgic and symbolic of the future at the same time.

Getting from one city to another by train remains a thoroughly romanticized exercise — a humane relic of a more cosmopolitan and energy-efficient era in transportation. And yet trains have also become a key component of efforts by young planners, architects and politicians to re-imagine or revivify American urbanism, with separate piles of federal and state funds — in California’s case, nearly $10 billion — already earmarked for a network of new high-speed rail links.

The design for a $180-million train station and transit hub in Anaheim, by the Los Angeles office of the giant architecture firm HOK and engineers from Parsons Brinckerhoff, tries its best to enclose those contradictions under a single vaulted roof. Known officially as the Anaheim Regional Transportation Intermodal Center, or ARTIC, the planned station is suffused with a sepia-toned futurism — with longing for what will be as well as for what was.

In winning the right to design the project, slated to fill a 16-acre, wedge-shaped piece of land along the 57 Freeway and the Santa Ana River, roughly midway between Angel Stadium and the Honda Center, HOK beat out a high-powered list of competitors, including architect-engineer partnerships headlined by Frank Gehry, Cesar Pelli, Norman Foster and Santiago Calatrava. It did so with a design that shares more than a few qualities with the hugely popular retro baseball stadiums produced by the firm’s sports-architecture wing, once called HOK Sport and now, as an independent entity, known as Populous.

The station, expected to be finished by 2013, will be full of modern amenities and rely on sophisticated engineering. Its exterior frame will combine long-span steel beams, producing largely column-free interior space, with ETFE, the flexible material that covered the “water cube” swimming facility at last summer’s Beijing Olympics. It will have to execute a gymnastic flexibility in slipping next to and eventually under the 57 overpass near Angel Stadium. Its tracks will have to accommodate Amtrak and Metrolink trains, as well as the anticipated high-speed line between Northern and Southern California and, possibly, another between Anaheim and Las Vegas.

As a visual symbol, ARTIC will operate quite differently. It will appeal to a charming, essentially 19th century notion of the train station as a place of metropolitan arrival: a grand portal designed to deliver passengers directly into the middle of a crowded, bustling city, lending some sense of glamour to a train trip simply by a kind of architectural osmosis. As the terminus of the California high-speed line’s first phase, which will also pass through Union Station in downtown Los Angeles, the station will mark a significant entrance to Orange County — and, in the process, perhaps produce the landmark, the symbol of place and character, that the county has always lacked (with the exception of its beaches and Disneyland, of course, which are nothing to sneeze at).

Clearly, the HOK design’s sense of grand symbolism is a large part of what appealed to the city of Anaheim and the Orange County Transportation Authority, which jointly are planning the station. The architects and Parsons Brinckerhoff submitted a pair of design concepts as part of their entry. The first featured a low, pavilion-like building with a cone-shaped form, wrapped in digital lighting panels, emerging through the roof. Decorated with the Angels logo, with Disney characters or a happy-new-year message, the cone would have acted as a digital beacon.

But it was the team’s second concept that prevailed. It is more explicitly connected to the history of train travel and train-station architecture than the first, inspired by the high-ceilinged spaces of Grand Central Terminal in New York as well as airplane hangars in the Orange County city of Tustin. It will stretch a dramatic vaulted ceiling 150 feet above the main arrival hall. It mixes in further references to Eero Saarinen’s Gateway Arch in St. Louis, the soaring volumes of the much-mourned old Pennsylvania Station and Santiago Calatrava’s skeletal, bone-white design for a new transit hub at the World Trade Center site in Manhattan.

Of course, in Orange County, the idea of stepping from a train right into the middle of dense urban life — the way you might exit Shinjuku Station in Tokyo, say, or London’s Paddington — is an obvious fiction. And it will remain a fiction for many decades, if not indefinitely. Many more people will likely see the station’s arched profile, in certain ways so symbolic of the rebirth of train travel, from their cars on the freeway than as they walk to or from a train.

The HOK design does its best to sketch out a path to future density, at least in the area immediately surrounding the station. To the north and east — away from Angel Stadium and toward the Honda Center — the firm’s master plan for the site imagines a close-knit collection of shops, offices and housing leading through landscaped open space toward a riverside park. But the construction of those elements has been reserved for later phases of development, when the commercial real-estate market has bounced back.

The first phase of the project — the station itself, covering 66,000 square feet — is essentially fully funded already, by a mixture of county tax money and state bond and transportation funds. But if the state’s high-speed line is delayed or killed, or if the mixed-use portion of the development is never built, the station could wind up rising grandly over a collection of parking garages or empty lots, alongside a mostly dry riverbed.

A central part of high-speed rail’s appeal, of course, is environmental. Going by train from Anaheim to San Francisco — a trip high-speed advocates say could take less than three hours — is far more efficient, as far as carbon footprints go, than traveling by Southwest or SUV. High-speed rail is a fundamental part of the growing effort, known as green urbanism, to make metropolitan areas more sustainable and less dependent on cars and suburban sprawl. In that sense, ARTIC, whatever the shortcomings of its striking but somewhat derivative architectural approach, is poised to take up a position as the most prominent piece of green architecture in Orange County and one of the most prominent in Southern California.

As such, it will reflect one of the curious aspects of a rising interest in energy-efficiency and sustainability in American culture and politics. In many cases, progress on the green front will be measured by how quickly we can re-create a new or souped-up version of what we once, many decades ago, took for granted. This is certainly true of efforts to promote high-speed rail; other examples include the truly walkable mixed-use neighborhood, that holy Grail of green urbanism, as well as a new generation of raised shotgun houses for New Orleans.

For many American cities, what’s past is, if not prologue, then at least template.

-- Christopher Hawthorne

Images: Renderings of the ARTIC rail hub. Credit: From Parsons Brinckerhoff/HOK

Comments

[Scooter]

What happens if High-Speed Rail doesn't make it to Anaheim? It ain't free and with it's funding and EIR problems, it more likely NOT going to happen.

This project has already lost the other rail system that supposedly justified it -- the Las Vegas Maglev is now the Desert Express -- to Victorville.

[Angelena]

When it comes to the high speed rail station at Union Station in Los Angeles, I hope we'll get something at least as dramatic as ARTIC! LA needs its own version of a memorable building for this. Yes, we have Disney Hall, but I would like to see something equally strong at Union Station to signal the modern age and serve as forward-looking counterpoint to the old structures there.

[Sal B]

And how much energy [carbon footprint] will be required to cool this massive, sun-drenched area under the "hood" of the rail station? Not a great design for the age of global warming, I must say. It conveniently ignores current problems.

[Laklo]

This is a beautiful station! The open feeling is very appealing. However, what are the air conditioning bills going to be like? If the appeal of train travel is partially environmental, as the article mentions, this design may not be the most "green" of the proposals.

[Joseph McPike]

After viewing the design, where is Douglas Street, JT Schmidts, and the Ayres Hotel? The design has ate up these sites, as well as the City Work Yard located behind JT's.

[Kristian]

Very cool. Has a very Euro feel to it. To the person who suggested such a design for Union Station... first, where would you put such a building given that there is not open space around Union Station in LA? And second, Union Station already IS one of the signature buildings of Los Angeles and indeed Southern California. Why on earth would you change it???

[The Poet McTeagle]

Sterile, grandiose and anonymous with no sense of place or local history. Yuck!

It would be wonderful to have high-speed rail to the bay area, however. Such a good idea it probably won't happen.

[asher hawke]

eh, it will still be Anaheim

[alex]

Sal B: It is, of course, easy to criticize something in a relatively anonymous venue like this blog. Yet, a simple Google search would have led you to the answer: The ARTIC station is "LEED Platinum Certified", the highest rating provided by the U.S. Green Building Council. This means that the building has to earn a score of 80 points or higher. Since energy accounts for 35 points out of a possible 110, it's clear that ARTIC is not "ignoring current problems".

For the record, huge atriums are not necessarily energy-hogs. People are often shocked to find out that the common areas of the cavernous Mall of America in Minnesota have no heating/cooling. Of course, it's below zero temps that are the main issue there; not the heat of Southern California. But, remember that heat rises.

[Angelino]

Union Station actually is getting a new canopy for high speed trains. The tracks and the new housing will be built directly on top of the existing tracks at union station (i.e. there will be another level of tracks). A dramatic open canopy like this can probably be expected (though not a whole new station of course).

[Neil]

Alex - Just a caveat to what you said about LEED. Certification only occurs upon completion of the building. So, though the plans for the building aim to achieve LEED Platinum, whether or not the finished product will be certified is a question that remains.

If its the thought that counts, well then this is a great plan. In reality, whether the long term return on an investment like this will outweigh the heavy upfront cost is questionable. Unfortunately, the OC car culture is something that is ingrained in society, and will take a lot of time to change. This may be one step.

[R H Lehmuth]

STUPID !!! High Speed Rail is nothing more than a pipe dream. Read thoroughly the trackage through Connecticut where the Acela trains can't pass without hitting each other. Pretty pictures but no brains behind it.
Up to $58 Billion in the hole; how is Calif going to pay for it ?? The feds - Ha !! They're $$$Trillions in the hole; just haven't realized it yet. Calif would be better off to burn Sucramento to the ground and start all over

[James Fujita]

I have to say, this design looks very cool. It is very fitting for a city that has Tomorrowland as one of its major attractions.

And to those who say high speed rail won't happen... if we lack what it takes to build big, important projects like this, then America's future will be very bleak, gray and dreary.

[Artist]

It still fails because the only thing is is close to is the baseball stadium with is used what 40 or 50 days a year? So you still need to get to where you are going buy bus or cab or like most do a second car.

[Mojojojo]

This is a great step forward. I Also love the fact that this is going to be LEED Certified (Plat).

This is going to be a centerpiece for the rapidly urbanizing area around the "Orange Crush", it will also force people to reconsider their travel choices as they sit for 40 mins on the Fwy interchange from hell.

Yay for alternative travel modes!!

[jerzy]

What about getting to and from this station? Is there lots of parking, bus service, taxis or what? Have the architects left out this important functionality?

[Erik G.]

Is it me, or does the top picture remind you of a cat's ear?

[Jonathan]

To scooter: If high speed rail will happen it will be from Los Angeles to Anaheim first. That section is supposed to begin construction at least a year before all other sections (the next closest is San Jose to San Francisco).

So far the "Alternative Analysis" section of preliminary work has been completed and "Public Outreach" section is underway.

Of course federal stimulus money will likely speed up the process. 10 Billion is going from the state to HSR, but 8 Billion is going to divided to different areas from the Feds. If they were smart they'd give at least 60% to California. Everyone else has just hashed together plans at the last minute to swipe at the funding.

[Paul S. Anderson]

Christopher,
I too truly hope the density that appropriately fits a transportation hub like this comes along as part of the package - the sooner the better!
Significant hubs like this need immediate mixed-use densities to support their function. Then, if it could have a direct connection to John Wayne Airport - now that would make some sense!

[kippenhok]

A beautiful train station with al lot of open space, you really do not have the feeling what you normally have in an ''ordinary'' train station. it is just unbelievably beautiful. I can say that I'm happy about the devolvement in the world of architecture